Strong's g341

Pronunciation Guide: ah-nah-kay-NO-oh

Basic Definition

Strong’s G341: ἀνακαινόω (anakainoō) signifies the process of complete spiritual renewal and restoration. This powerful verb describes the continuous action of being made new again, particularly in reference to the spiritual transformation of believers. It emphasizes an ongoing process rather than a one-time event, pointing to God’s perpetual work of renewal in the lives of His people.

Etymology and Morphology

• Verb (Present Active Indicative)
• Compound word: ἀνά (up, again) + καινόω (to make new)
• Primary usage in teaching passages
• Appears in contexts of spiritual transformation
• Used in both literal and metaphorical contexts

ἀνακαινόω Morphology:

• ἀνακαινοῦται (present passive indicative) – is being renewed
• ἀνακαινούμενον (present passive participle) – being renewed
• ἀνακαινοῦσθαι (present passive infinitive) – to be renewed
• ἀνακαινώσας (aorist active participle) – having renewed

Origin & History

The verb ἀνακαινόω emerges from classical Greek literature where it carried the meaning of renovation or restoration of physical objects. In Plato’s “Republic,” similar compounds were used to describe the restoration of buildings and civic structures. However, its spiritual significance deepened significantly in the Septuagint, particularly in passages dealing with spiritual restoration.

The early church fathers, especially Clement of Alexandria in his “Protrepticus,” expanded on this concept, using ἀνακαινόω to describe the transformative work of the Holy Spirit in the life of believers. Origen, in his “Commentary on John,” frequently employed this term to explain the progressive nature of spiritual transformation.

Expanded Definitions & Translation Options

• Complete spiritual renewal and restoration
• Ongoing process of being made new
• Divine transformation of the inner person
• Supernatural refreshing and revitalization

ἀνακαινόω Translation Options:

• “to renew completely” – emphasizes the thoroughness of the renewal process
• “to make new again” – highlights the repetitive nature of the action
• “to restore to freshness” – captures the qualitative aspect of the renewal
• “to transform continuously” – emphasizes the ongoing nature of the process

Biblical Usage

The word ἀνακαινόω appears most prominently in Pauline literature, where it carries profound theological significance regarding the believer’s ongoing transformation. In 2 Corinthians 4:16, Paul uses it to contrast the decay of the outer person with the daily renewal of the inner person, establishing a powerful paradox of Christian existence.

The concept also appears metaphorically in Colossians 3:10, where it describes the new self being renewed in knowledge according to the image of its Creator. This usage connects the idea of renewal with the restoration of the divine image in humanity.

Cross References:

• “Therefore we do not lose heart, but though our outer man is decaying, yet our inner man is being renewed [ἀνακαινοῦται] day by day.” 2 Corinthians 4:16
• “and have put on the new self who is being renewed [ἀνακαινούμενον] to a true knowledge according to the image of the One who created him” Colossians 3:10

Cultural Insights

In ancient Jewish thought, the concept of renewal was deeply connected to the idea of creation and restoration. The Hebrew word חָדַשׁ (chadash), which ἀνακαινόω often translates in the Septuagint, was associated with the anticipated messianic age when יהוה (Yahweh) would make all things new. This understanding adds depth to Paul’s usage, suggesting that the spiritual renewal he describes is a foretaste of the final restoration promised in prophetic literature.

The Greek philosophical context of Paul’s time viewed renewal primarily in terms of moral reformation or intellectual improvement. However, Paul’s use of ἀνακαινόω transcends these limitations, pointing to a supernatural transformation that only the Holy Spirit can accomplish.

Theological Significance

The usage of ἀνακαινόω reveals a profound truth about God’s ongoing work in believers’ lives. Unlike mere self-improvement or behavioral modification, this renewal is fundamentally a divine work that transforms believers from the inside out. It points to the remarkable reality that while physical decay is inevitable, spiritual growth and renewal can continue unabated through the power of the Holy Spirit.

This concept is particularly significant in understanding the relationship between justification and sanctification. While justification is a one-time event, ἀνακαινόω emphasizes the progressive nature of sanctification – a continuous renewal that gradually conforms believers to the image of the Messiah Jesus.

Moreover, the word carries eschatological implications, suggesting that the present renewal of believers is a foretaste of the complete restoration that will occur at the final redemption, when all things will be made new in the Messiah’s kingdom.

Personal Application

In our fast-paced world where burnout and spiritual exhaustion are common, ἀνακαινόω reminds us that spiritual renewal is not something we achieve through our own efforts but rather receive through our relationship with God. This truth offers hope to weary believers, assuring them that even when they feel depleted, God’s renewing work continues in their inner person.

This understanding should encourage us to maintain a posture of receptivity to the Holy Spirit’s transformative work, recognizing that spiritual growth is a daily process of being renewed in His presence. It calls us to cooperate with God’s renewing work through regular engagement with His Word, prayer, and submission to His will.

Related Words

• καινός (kainos) – qualitatively new, fresh, unprecedented – highlights the quality of newness that ἀνακαινόω produces. See G2537
• ἀνακαίνωσις (anakainōsis) – renewal, renovation – the noun form describing the state or process of renewal. See G342
• νέος (neos) – new in time, young – contrasts with ἀνακαινόω by emphasizing temporal rather than qualitative newness. See G3501
• μεταμορφόω (metamorphoō) – to transform, transfigure – related concept of spiritual transformation. See G3339

Did you Know?

• The prefix ἀνα- in ἀνακαινόω can carry the sense of “up” or “again,” suggesting not just renewal but elevation to a higher spiritual state. This nuance is often lost in English translations but would have been clear to Greek readers.
• While modern Greek has evolved significantly, ἀνακαινόω’s root καινός is still used in contemporary Greek in words relating to innovation and renovation, maintaining its connection to the idea of newness and restoration.
• The concept of renewal in ἀνακαινόω parallels the Jewish understanding of the Messianic Age as a time of complete restoration, suggesting that believers experience a foretaste of this future renewal in their present spiritual transformation.

Remember This

ἀνακαινόω represents the magnificent reality that in the Messiah, spiritual renewal is not a one-time event but a continuous divine work transforming us day by day into His image.